Post #6 1700 Years of the Nicene Creed - "Maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible."

The above photo is the recent deep field image by the James Webb Telescope, which readers may access here Zoomable Image: Deep Field SMACS 0723 (NIRCam) | Webb

Introduction and Review of the last post:

    As we have begun our attempt to expound the Nicene Creed in lieu of its 1700th anniversary, we have so far noted the following of its statements, with blog posts devoted to each one. The links below are for the previous two posts to this current one.

"We Believe" here Growing Christian Resources: Post #4 1700 Years of the Nicene Creed - "We Believe"

"in One God, the Father Almighty" here Growing Christian Resources: Post #5 1700 Years of the Nicene Creed - "One God, the Father almighty"

    The Nicene Creed begins first with the Person of the Father. Interested readers may read more about past posts I've written on the person of the Father as taught in the Old Testament here Growing Christian Resources: Post #41 The Doctrine of God: The Old Testament and Jesus' Teaching On God the Father's Deity And His Relationship To The Son  . and Jesus' teaching on God the Father here  Growing Christian Resources: Post #42 The Doctrine of God: The Old Testament and Jesus' Teaching On God the Father as Creator And Redeemer. 

    The 19th century Baptist theologian J.P. Boice summarizes the importance of the Person of the Father in the doctrine of the Trinity:

"God is revealed to us as the Father; not merely in the general way in which he is called the Father of all created beings, and they his sons; nor in that in which he is the Father of those who are his sons, in virtue of the adoption, which is in Christ Jesus; but the Father as indicative of a special relation between him and another person whom the Scriptures call his only begotten Son." 

    The Creed's confession of God as Father points to what will come later in the Creed, namely the confession of the second Person of the Trinity, The Son. Additionally, the God of revealed Scripture is One in essence, personal, and omnipotent.  

    The attribute of Divine omnipotence or God the Father being "Almighty" is a summary and representative perfection of what it means to be God by nature.1 The Father's work of creation is inseparable from the Son and Holy Spirit's union with Him as the Triune God. Rufinas, in his sixth century commentary on the Apostle's Creed (which begins nearly word-for-word like the Nicene Creed), notes about the Father and the Son in the work of creation:

"God is called Almighty because He possesses rule and dominion over all things. But the Father possesses all things by His Son, as the Apostle says, By Him were created all things, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers. And again, writing to the Hebrews, he says, By Him also He made the worlds, and He appointed Him heir of all things. By 'appointed' we are to understand 'generated'. Now if the Father made the worlds by Him, and all things were created by Him, and He is heir of all things, then by Him He possesses rule also over all things."

    Throughout today's post, even though we will focus primarily on God the Father, I will show how we cannot go long without including His eternal relationship to the Divine Persons of the Son via "filiation" and Holy Spirit via "spiration". 

God the Father, Maker of Heaven and Earth, of things visible and invisible

   You'll notice in the wording of this particular part of the Creed that it utilizes what is called a "chiasm". That is, there is mention of a term, then a second term, and then those same terms or associated ideas are repeated in reverse order. This poetic device reminds us that the Creed's structure is designed for recitation and ease of memory in worship. I'll depict how this part of the Creed is operating as a "chiasm" below.

"We believe in God, the Father almighty

   ("A1 line") maker of Heaven

                  ("B1 line") and earth

                  ("B2 line") of things visible

   ("A2 line") and invisible."

     As you can see, reference to God the Father making "Heaven" or what is beyond our sight, and "Earth" or what is within our sight (borrowing from Genesis 1) is placed in parallel lines. The Creed then does the reverse order, namely what we can see ("visible") and cannot see ("invisible") (borrowing from Colossians 1:16-20). 

    The beauty of the Creed here captures the point that God the Father's actions in creation are comprehensive, originating from His power and plan (compare Isaiah 46:10; Ephesians 1:11). As we saw in previous posts, the whole Nicene Creed confesses the Three Persons of the Trinity. Thus, we cannot expound on the Father's work in creation without the reminder that He did so inseparably from the Son and the Spirit.2 

Why the doctrine of creation alone makes sense of the origin of the universe

    In the history of human thought, religion, and Biblical revelation, various options have been put forth for the universe's origin or what is called "cosmogeny". I'll just mention three. 

    The first is most famously represented by thinkers such as Aristotle and the Greeks, namely that the universe is eternal. In antiquity, the Greeks and Romans, as well as most polytheistic systems, taught that the universe was eternal, or existed in primordial chaos, with the gods and goddesses emerging and then battling for supremacy. 

    The second option for the origin of the universe or "cosmogeny" is that the universe created itself or came forth out of nothing. Secular theories of origins, such Big Bang cosmology and its variants postulate the universe sprang forth by itself, undergoing sudden inflationary cosmic expansion, whether out of nothing or from a pre-existing state of matter or another universe. Cyclical models of cosmogeny portray an infinite chain of "big bangs" and "big crunches", with the ultimate origin arising from inert matter or chance fluctuations in a quantum vacuum. 

    The third option is that God created the universe as the all-powerful, intelligent Creator. The Nicene Creed based its statement on the Creatorship of God the Father off of roughly sixty passages in the Bible that affirm Biblical creation. For example, Genesis 1:1 begins the entire Bible: "God created the Heavens and the Earth". All three Persons of the Trinity had their involvement in the creation of all things, hence God the Father (Psalm 19:1-2; Revelation 4:11), God the Son (John 1:3; Colossians 1:16; Hebrews 1:2-4), and God the Holy Spirit (Psalm 104:30; Job 26:13; Isaiah 40:13; 1 Cor 2:10).  

    Only this One God as "maker of Heaven and Earth", initially confessed as "The Father", explains the evidence we have from science and the Divine revelation in the Bible.3

Why is God the Father emphasized as "the maker of heaven and earth, visible and invisible"?

    So why is God the Father emphasized by the creed as "maker of Heaven and earth, of things visible and invisible?" In Trinitarian theology, a pair of doctrines work to explain how each Person of the Trinity is ascribed an aspect of either creation or redemption in our world, what is called "the doctrine of appropriations" and "the doctrine of inseparable operations". 

     The first of these doctrines is the "doctrine of appropriations", meaning that whatever is "proper" to each Person of the Godhead, a certain aspect of creation or redemption is assigned to that Divine Person. The Father is the "principle source" who communicates or "conveys" the Divine nature indivisibly, infinitely, and eternally to the Son, and with the Son does this same relating activity to the Holy Spirit. In the Father's begetting of the Son and spiration of the Spirit we what are called "two eternal relations of origin" or two eternal relating activities that distinguish what other otherwise the three co-eternal and co-equal persons of the Godhead.  

    Therefore, as the Father is the eternal font or uncaused principle within the Trinity, Scripture assigns to Him in creation as being the "Causer principle" by His decree of the lesser effects of material and immaterial realities (see Isaiah 45:6-7; 46:10; Acts 17:25-28). That's the doctrine of appropriations. 

    The second doctrine is "the doctrine of inseparable operations", meaning that the Father never does anything apart from the Son and the Holy Spirit. Thus, we know that the Father planned creation through His decree as just described. The Son, we could say, "put together" creation by the Word of His power (Hebrews 1:3). Then as to the Holy Spirit, He "placed the finishing touches" upon the creation by infusing our world with life (Genesis 1:2; Psalm 104:30). What both these doctrines do is highlight how the Triune God in His Personal distinctions and eternal union demonstrates who He is as the Creator.

Final applications of "Maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible

    We have delved into the second line of the Nicene Creed, which stated the Father's involvement in the creating of heaven and earth, of things visible and invisible. As we close out this post, I refer to Thomas Aquinas' commentary on the Apostle's Creed, wherein he offered five benefits of reflecting on the statement concerning God the Father's work in creation (reminding ourselves that we cannot separate Him from the Son and the Holy Spirit, all being One God).4

(1) "We are led to a knowledge of the divine majesty. Now, if a maker is greater than the things he makes, then God is greater than all things which He has made."

(2) "We are led to give thanks to God. Because God is the Creator of all things, it is certain that what we are and what we have is from God: 'What do you have that you did not receive?' [1 Cor 4:7].

(3) "We are led to bear our troubles in patience. Although every created thing is from God and is good according to its nature, yet, if something harms us or brings us pain, we believe that such comes from God, not as a fault in Him, but because God permits no evil that is not for good."

(4) "We are led to a right use of created things. Thus, we ought to use created things as having been made by God for two purposes: for His glory, 'since all things are made for Himself' [Prov 16:4]  

(5) "We are led also to acknowledge the great dignity of man. God made all things for man: 'You subjected all things under his feet' [Ps 8:8], and man is more like to God than all other creatures save the Angels: 'Let us make man to Our image and likeness' [Gen 1:26].

Endnotes:

1. The Nicene Creed uses the Greek term for almighty, "pantokratora" (παντοκράτορα) and the Latin term whence our English "omnipotence" (omnipotentem). This term in the Greek is used on a number of occasions to refer to the Universal Sovereign of the universe (see 2 Co 6:18, Re 1:8 4:8 11:17 15:3 16:7, 14 9:6, 15 21:22.) 

As I expounded more at length on this term in the last post, "Almighty" is representative shorthand that includes all perfections that come with being God by nature. The Father is without origin by nature as God, and communicates this unoriginated nature to the Son and the Spirit, resulting in the One God revealed in three Persons of sacred Scripture.

2. John Calvin in His "Institutes of the Christian Religion, chapter 14, section 1, describes God as Creator:

"Hence God was pleased that a history of the creation should exist—a history on which the faith of the Church might lean without seeking any other God than Him whom Moses sets forth as the Creator and Architect of the world."

The 2nd London Baptist Confession of Faith puts it this way:

"In the beginning it pleased God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, for the manifestation of the glory of His eternal power, wisdom, and goodness, to create or make the world, and all things therein, whether visible or invisible, in the space of six days, and all very good."

3. A self-created universe is a contradiction, since the first two laws of thermodynamics tell us that matter cannot be created or destroyed on its own and that all usable energy in the universe is in a state of "entropy" or continuously becoming more and more disorganized. The second law of thermodynamics tells us the universe began in a highly organized, perfectly balance set of initial conditions; and the first law tells us that energy in the universe is constant, meaning that on its own it could not had derived outside energy from a material source. 

    Those two laws of science alone tell us the universe had a beginning, and it could not had begun itself, thus we have that confession: "I believe in God, the Father maker of Heaven and Earth, of things visible and invisible".

4. This is from a combined commentary featuring the sixth century church father Rufinas and comments from the eleventh century theologian Thomas Aquinas' commentary on the Apostle's Creed entitled "Exposito super Symbolum Apostolorum" ("Commentary on the Apostle's Creed"). See more about the resource here apostles-creed-wm.pdf

Post #5 1700 Years of the Nicene Creed - "One God, the Father almighty"

Introduction:

    In the last post we began to expound on the Nicene Creed's first opening words "We believe" here Growing Christian Resources: Post #4 1700 Years of the Nicene Creed - "We Believe". We now move to the first article or division of the Nicene Creed, namely the affirmation of the Person of God the Father. As we will see, the Biblical, and thus Christian view of the nature of God is inseparable from consideration of the Divine Persons of the Trinity. 

    Why begin with the Father? Jesus gave this Biblical definition of salvation the following in John 17:3 "This is eternal life, that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom You have sent." Knowing God personally is the chief end of salvation. An unbeliever only knows God as their Creator to whom they are accountable and stand to face in judgment (Romans 1:18-20). All humanity descended from Adam know "about" God but do not "know" Him as Father. The Person of the Father and born-again sinners are reconciled by the Son. The phrase "the true God" in the passage speaks of the Divine Person of the Father. Thus, the Nicene Creed begins with consideration of the Father. 

The seven-fold structure of the Nicene Creed centered around the Trinity.

    Before we get to the phrase "One God, the Father almighty", it may help us to grasp the major divisions of the Creed. The Nicene Creed's 34 lines (per the Greek and Latin texts) are centered on the doctrine of the Trinity.1 Below I have put the headings, along with the text of the Nicene Creed in smaller print. For interested readers, I've placed additional comments in endnotes. 

I. God the Father

We believe in one God,

the Father almighty,

maker of heaven and earth,

of all things visible and invisible

II. God the Son in His Godhood and manhood.2

And in one Lord, Jesus Christ,

the only begotten Son of God,

begotten from the Father before all ages,

light from light,

true God from true God,

begotten not made,

of one substance with the Father,

through Whom all things came into existence,

Who because of us men and because of our salvation came down from the heavens,

and was incarnate from the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary

and became man,

and was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate,

and suffered and was buried,

and rose again on the third day according to the Scriptures

and ascended to heaven, and sits on the right hand of the Father,

and will come again with glory to judge living and dead,

of Whose kingdom there will be no end;

III. God the Holy Spirit 3

And we believe in the Holy Spirit,

the Lord, the giver of life.

He proceeds from the Father and the Son,

and with the Father and the Son is worshiped and glorified.

    Note: Let the reader see that the remaining four articles of the Creed touch upon what are by-products appropriated or "properly credited" to the Holy Spirit's work done inseparably with the Father and the Son as One Triune God.

IV. The Spirit's speaking through the Prophets, reminding us of Divine authorship of Scripture.

He spoke through the prophets.

V. The Spirit of God is responsible for birthing forth the Church, which is affirmed as "One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church."

We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic church.

VI. The Spirit of God is the agent involved in the regeneration of the human soul in saving faith. The Nicene Creed's "baptism for remission of sins" is directly from Peter's words in Acts 2:38.4

We affirm one baptism for the forgiveness of sins.

VII. The Holy Spirit will also be the Agent responsible for the resurrection of saints and of making it possible for them to rule and reign with Jesus Christ in His Kingdom and into the New Heavens and New Earth. 

We look forward to the resurrection of the dead, and to life in the world to come. Amen.

    Now that we've overviewed the Creed, let's consider the opening line about God the Father.

One God, the Father almighty

    As we turn our attention to this opening line in the Creed, we are confronted with three interrelated truths. First, the oneness of God in His essence or being. Second, the Divine Person of the Father. Third, a key perfection or attribute which summarizes the totality of what it means to be God. Let's take these truths in their order, with the aim to show how belong together.

We believe in One God,

   The Nicene Creed first states the oneness of God in His being. This affirmation of "monotheism" is constant throughout the Bible (see for instance Deuteronomy 6:4-5 and 1 Corinthians 8:6-7). Rufinas, a fifth century church father, wrote a commentary on the Apostle's Creed, which begins similarly to the Nicene Creed: "I believe in God the Father Almighty". In His comments he writes:

"When you hear the word God, you must understand thereby a substance without beginning, without end, simple, uncompounded, invisible, incorporeal, ineffable, inappreciable, which has in it nothing which has been either added or created. For He is without cause who is absolutely the cause of all things." 

    The Westminster Short Catechism's Question 4 gives us a summary of God in His nature:

"Q. 4. What is God?

A. God is a Spirit, infinite, eternal, and unchangeable, in his being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth."

    There is God, and then there is everything else. Although God is incomprehensible in this way, He nonetheless has made Himself knowable through creation, His Word, and the incarnate Son of God. In the Old Testament, the Father is revealed as "God", "LORD", and other Divine names.5 In most of the 5766 places within the Hebrew Bible where we observe the personal name of God, Yahweh"/"LORD", as well as most of the 2706 places where we see the more general name "Elohim" mentioned, unless otherwise indicated, God the Father is the Divine Person connected to those terms.6 

     As we shall see in later posts, to affirm the oneness of God means that sameness of deity in its quality and perfections is equal and undivided among the Father, Son, and Spirit. Thus, "We believe in One God,"

We believe in One God, the Father 

    In our English translations, as well as the Latin version of the Creed, a comma is placed after "in One God,". A comma may not seem like a big deal. However, commas indicate the carrying on whatever came before the comma and thereafter. To put it plainly, we cannot separate the "essence" or "being of God" from the Persons of the Trinity. It's not like we have the Three Persons of the Trinity in one corner and a "fourth piece of God" in another. 

    By nature, God is what we call "Divinely simple", meaning He is not composed of "parts". A "part" is an element or quality that is less than the whole. My arm for example is a part of me, yet it is not I. When a composer writes music, he or she includes notes, a score, and melody. Each of those are "parts" and are put together by the composer. God is not composed by anyone. His attributes are not "pieces" of His nature. By nature, God is love, is holy, is wise, and so forth. Divine simplicity preserves two other significant doctrines of God's Divine nature - the fact He never changes or "immutability" (Malachi 3:6); and the fact He is truly One in being, incapable of division or diminishment in power. 

    How then do we get from "One God" to "The Father"? Two truths necessarily follow from this opening statement about the Father. 

1. First, as God by nature, the Father has never not been "the Father", since as God He is eternal, without beginning nor origin. Being God by nature tells us "what" the Father is - "God".7 

2. A second implication in confessing "I believe in One God, the Father" is that as "Father", there must also be "The Son". The eternal relation of the Father begetting the Son tells us that the Son has always been the Son, having communicated to Him the eternal Divine essence from the Father, both of which are co-eternal, co-equal Divine Persons, one in being (see Psalm 2:7; John 5:26; 10:30; 1 Corinthians 8:6).8 

    We have seen so far the confession of "One God, the Father". 

"One God the Father, the almighty"

    We come to our third and final term in our exposition on the opening line of the Creed - "Almighty". The beauty of this opening phrase is it begins with the oneness of God's nature, ties it to the Divine Personhood of the Father, and then loops back to a core perfection of the Divine nature. Out of all the attributes the Council of Nicaea chose to use, why refer to God, the Father Almighty? Why omnipotence? 

Author Charles T. Grant, in the Winter 2002 edition of "The Emmaus Journal", writing an article entitled "Our Heavenly Father", notes of Divine omnipotence,

"Omnipotence means that God can do whatever He desires to do. “My purpose will stand, and I will do all that I please” (Isa. 46:10). “Our God is in heaven; he does whatever pleases him” (Ps. 115:3). It does not mean that God’s actions are without rational or moral restraint. Rather it implies that God is able to do everything which is consistent with His nature." 

    When we talk of omnipotence, we must qualify the term with reference to what God can and cannot do. Scripture tells us that God cannot lie (Titus 1:2). Why? God is a God of truth - i.e. the "True and Living God" (Jeremiah 10:10; 1 Thessalonians 1:9). God cannot change His essential nature (Malachi 3:6). We know that God cannot be unfaithful to His promises, since He is always faithful (2 Timothy 2:13). 

    These qualifiers do not cancel out Divine omnipotence, but rather serve to underscore what the Bible says on the subject. The Father, being truly God by nature, can do all He pleases, which means such attributes as His eternality, immensity, omniscience, omnipresence, and Divine independence help us to see how the power of God is indeed unlimited. 

    Since the Father is Almighty, the same applies to the Son and the Holy Spirit, with whom He communicates and shares the undivided essence. 

    It doesn't take much to find God's omnipotence in the Scripture. Near the end of the New Testament we find the following glorious statement of God's omnipotence,

"Then I heard something like the voice of a great multitude and like the sound of many waters and like the sound of mighty peals of thunder, saying, “Hallelujah! For the Lord our God, the Almighty, reigns." 

    In bringing the true practical meaning of this attribute home to the Christian, A.W. Tozer writes, 

"Omnipotence is not a name given to the sum of all power, but an attribute of a personal God whom we Christians believe to be the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ and of all who believe on Him to eternal life. The worshiping man finds this knowledge as source of wonderful strength for his inner life. His faith rises to take the great leap upward into the fellowship of Him who can do whatever He wills to do, for whom nothing is hard or difficult because He possesses power absolute." 

Putting it all together: "We believe in One God, the Father Almighty"

    We've seen today that the Creed starts off with an affirmation of the oneness of God's being - monotheism. The undivided Divine nature is inconsiderable apart from the Triune Persons, since the Divine nature itself is wholly possessed by them. 

    The attribute of omnipotence or God the Father being "almighty" makes possible all the other perfections that the Bible ascribes to God in His essence. The Father's relation of begetting the Son and the procession of the Spirit from the Father and the Son mean that all three Persons, beginning with the Father, are the One Almighty God. 

Endnotes:

1. The Nicene Creed in total is 34 lines in length, of which 29 are devoted to summarizing the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in their eternal relationship and activity within the Godhead. The remaining five lines deal with acts for which the Holy Spirit is the chief agent, along with the understanding that His agency in the inspiration of the Scriptures, the Church, the new birth, and the forthcoming resurrection and the world to come is inseparably done with the Father and the Son as One Triune God.  

2. The Creed expresses the Person of the Son under two subdivisions - His deity and humanity. The Godhood of the Son means He is equal with the Father in terms of being or essence, begotten of Him from eternity. The term "begotten" speaks of the relational property that is unique to the Son or what makes the Son "the Son" and not the Father. 

     The manhood of the Son deals with His incarnation through the virgin Mary, His life, death, resurrection, ascension, and return.

3.  The Holy Spirit is equal in power and glory with the Father and the Son. He is worthy of worship alongside the Father and the Son as One true and living God. The Holy Spirit is also "LORD and Giver of Life", with "LORD" stating His equality with the Son, and "Giver of Life" showing His equality with the Father. 

    The Holy Spirit, like the Son, is equal in power and glory to the Father, sharing in the whole Divine nature. The Holy Spirit's "procession from the Father and the Son" shows His distinction from them as a Divine Person in the Godhead, not being the Father nor the Son. 

4. Baptism here refers to water baptism, which is a visible sign, administered to a new believer who has already been born again in saving faith by the Holy Spirit. Baptism is used by the Spirit of God to reinforce in the disciple's mind and heart their prior, born-again experience of saving faith (see Colossians 2:12; 1 Peter 3:21). 

5. We see God the Father in the following Old Testament examples. Isaiah 63:15 "Look down from heaven and see from Your holy and glorious habitation....". Then Isaiah 63:16 "For You are our Father....". In Daniel 7:9, the Father is "The Ancient of Days". In Malachi 1:6 and 2:10, we see reference to "The Father", as the "LORD of Hosts“. 

6. Deuteronomy 32:6 gives first clear mention of the Father's  involvement in the salvation of His people (other examples include Isaiah 43:10-11; 63:8, 15-19; 64:6-9). Passages such as Job 38:8; Psalm 33:6,9; and Malachi 2:10 indicate God the Father as having the capability to create. No doubt Jesus, in His many mentions of the Father throughout the Gospel, taught this very same truth (see Matthew 19:1-7; John 5:25-29). Jesus no doubt taught this truth in His expression of the Father sending Him, the Son, to be the Savior of the world (John 3:16). 

7. Theologians will often refer to the Father as "the principle without principle", meaning He as God had no beginning. As to His subsistence or "eternal standing" within the Divine nature, the Father is God by nature, eternal, without beginning.

8. By nature the Father is eternally God. By identity, the Father shares or conveys the eternal, undivided nature with the Son, which Scripture describes as the Father "begetting the Son" (Psalm 110; John 1:14; 1:18; 3:16 and others). To put it plainly, unless the Son has always eternally been begotten by the Father, there is no Fatherness (what theologians call "Paternity") to speak of with regards to the First Person of the Trinity. True Biblical faith cannot confess the One True and Living God without beginning with affirmation of the Father. 

    

Post #4 1700 Years of the Nicene Creed - "We Believe"

 

Introduction:

    The last three posts have introduced readers to the Nicene Creed, the role of creeds in church life and church history, and defining their level of authority in comparison to God's infallible, inerrant Word. Today's post begins our attempt to study, explain, and to apply the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed (or more simply, "The Nicene Creed" from here forward). Like the earlier Apostle's Creed, it starts out with one word, a verb, which is rendered by two words in our English: "We believe". 

    We've noted already how important creeds were in the life of the New Testament church and later. Hippolytus of Rome, writing in 215 A.D. noted in his work ""Apostolic Tradition", chapter 21:12-14, the ceremony for newly baptized converts. The one baptizing would ask the candidate or "catechumen" the following questions:

"Do you believe in God the Father Almighty?" 13And the one being baptized shall answer, "I believe." 14He shall then baptize each of them once, laying his hand upon each of their heads."

    When the convert would answer in the affirmative, the Pastor would dip them in the water. The next series of questions would then pertain to the Person of God the Son, then the Holy Spirit, and on down the line as to whether the catechumen personally "believed".1 This is what makes creeds so powerful. Not only is the Christian faith doctrinal, but personal. In other words: "do you believe?"

A short grammar lesson on "we believe".

    That opening clause, "we believe", whether in its original Greek form (Πιστεύομεν = pis-too-o-men) or later Latin form (Credimus = Cred-i-mus), speaks of ongoing action at any given time. In Greek or Latin, the verb is referred to as "present active indicative". In the Latin translation of the Greek original of the creed, the Latin verb "credimus" derives from "credo", whence our English "creed" comes. 

    A "creed" is a statement of faith. If you were to look up this verb in a Latin or Greek dictionary, you would find it referring to "firm persuasion", "being fully convinced", or as Hebrews 11:1 teaches us "faith is the certainty of things hoped for, the evidence of things not yet seen". Briefly, I'll break down the grammar of this verb to highlight its significance in the text of the Nicene Creed.

    Firstly, this verb is in the "present tense" or simply "present", referring to, as I already stated, an ongoing situation. Whatever is to follow in the remainder of the Creed, it stands for whatever the Church at large, from the moment of its inception on the Day of Pentecost, and from the teachings of Christ and the Apostles, has held to as the "capital F Faith". This is the faith once for all delivered to the saints (1 Corinthians 15:1-4; Jude 1:3).2 

   Secondly, the verb translated "we believe" is an "active verb". In Greek or Latin, when we say a verb is in the "active voice", it is describing whatever action the subject of the sentence, "we", is doing.3 

    To "believe" ought to be an active, ongoing activity of those who profess the Christian faith. Christianity is not a "spectator's" life, but a "participator's" life. The fact there is the pronoun "we" means that whatever follows ought to have personal ownership by the confessor of the Christian faith.

    Thirdly, notice one more grammatical feature of this verb translated "we believe". Not only is it "present" and "active", but the Greek or Latin verbs are what grammarians call "indicative". When a verb is in the "indicative mood" or simply "indicative", that means it is conveying facts, reality, or something that is the case. 

    When I write the sentence "I believe in Jesus." with the period (.) on the end, I'm stating a certainty that I have in what I'm confessing. There was a lady in my church years ago who lived to 104 years of age. Her definition of faith was this: "I am settled in Him". When the Nicene Creed is confessed, the person reciting it would hopefully be able to say "my mind is settled in Him". 

Why begin the Nicene Creed with the words "we believe"?

    As the Councils of Nicaea in 325 A.D. and Constantinople in 381 A.D. formulated what we know today as "The Nicene Creed", they were dealing with two heresies that threatened the church. In 325 A.D. there was the error of Arius, who denied the deity of the Son and the personhood of the Spirit.4

    In 381 A.D., the Council of Constantinople were combatting a second group called "the Spirit fighters" who denied the deity of the Holy Spirit as equal to that of the Father and the Son. When you compare the 325 A.D. Creed of Nicaea with the 381 A.D. Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed, the section on the Holy Spirit is greatly expanded. This reflects what the delegates in 381 perceived to defend the doctrine of the deity and personality of the Holy Spirit.5

Three aspects of Biblical faith to which the Creed urges us to consider.

    Years ago I heard R.C. Sproul give a lecture on the doctrine of saving faith found in the Scriptures. What he taught was this: saving faith has three essential elements to itself. I think of a three-legged stool upon which Biblical faith rests. In his teaching, Sproul noted the following, as reflected in an article he wrote here What Is Saving Faith?

    Sproul first noted: "What are the constituent elements of saving faith? The Protestant Reformers recognized that biblical faith has three essential aspects: notitia, assensus, and fiducia. Notitia refers to the content of faith, the things we believe." As we study the Nicene Creed, "notitia" or the "essential doctrine to be believed by all" will be the primary element of saving faith with which we will deal.6

    Then Sproul moves on with the second element of saving faith:

    "Assensus is the conviction that the content of our faith is true. One can know about the Christian faith and yet believe that it is not true." We have "notitia" or the doctrines "that I believe" in the sense of sound doctrines. "Assensus" or "mental agreement" means I not only "believe that", but I "believe because".7 

    Then Sproul mentions one more leg or constituent element of saving faith, not only "notitia" (the doctrines "that we believe"), and "assensus" (agreement with the doctrines "because I believe"), but thirdly "fiduci", or "I trust in what I believe". Dr. Sproul states again:

    "Fiducia refers to personal trust and reliance. Knowing and believing the content of the Christian faith is not enough, for even demons can do that (James 2:19). Faith is effectual only if one personally trusts in Christ alone for salvation."

    It is this element, along with the first two, which makes sufficient conditions for true saving faith. Do I trust in the God whom that Creed points me to? A Creed isn't just a mindless repetition of words. True. Some may recite it in churches as a rote exercise. However, that opening line "we believe" challenges us as to whether or not we really do trust in the God of whom the Creed confesses. 

    This is why the Apostle John in 2 John 1:9 uses the language of "abide" in reference to saving trust in God the Father and God the Son:

"Anyone who goes too far and does not abide in the teaching of Christ, does not have God; the one who abides in the teaching, he has both the Father and the Son."

Conclusion:

    We have spent time today noting the opening two words of the Nicene Creed "we believe". We observed carefully the grammar of the underlying verb, seeing how even the grammar conveys the importance of the Creed's meaning, confession, and adherence to by anyone claiming to be a Christian. We then explored briefly the Biblical meaning of faith, noting faith's three essential elements of contents (notitia or doctrine), agreement with said doctrines (assensus), and trust in the God to whom the Creed or doctrines direct (fiducia = trust). In our next post, we'll move on to the Nicene Creed's first theological statement, "One God, the Father Almighty".

Endnotes:

1. The whole baptismal ceremony is recorded by Hippolytus in chapter 21 of his "Apostolic Tradition", particularly verses 12-18 

"When each of them to be baptized has gone down into the water, the one baptizing shall lay hands on each of them, asking, "Do you believe in God the Father Almighty?" 13And the one being baptized shall answer, "I believe." 14He shall then baptize each of them once, laying his hand upon each of their heads. 15Then he shall ask, "Do you believe in Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who was born of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary, who was crucified under Pontius Pilate, and died, and rose on the third day living from the dead, and ascended into heaven, and sat down at the right hand of the Father, the one coming to judge the living and the dead?" 16When each has answered, "I believe," he shall baptize a second time. 17Then he shall ask, "Do you believe in the Holy Spirit and the Holy Church and the resurrection of the flesh?" 18Then each being baptized shall answer, "I believe." And thus let him baptize the third time." Readers may consult the entire text of "Apostolic Tradition" here Apostolic_Tradition_by_Hippolytus.pdf

2. Creeds were born originally out of the statements new converts made to prepare for baptism. The verb translated "we believe" then is a present verb. 

3. In Greek or Latin, you can express a whole sentence with the verb alone, since the subject is built into the meaning of the verb itself, placed as a suffix or ending to the verb (in Greek, it is found in the "omen" ending; and in Latin, the "imus" ending).

4. Arius taught "there was a time when the Son was not", meaning he believed Jesus to be the greatest created being but not eternally God by nature. His view on the Holy Spirit was similar to what the Jehovah witnesses believe today, namely that the Holy Spirit is an "it", a "force" from God.  

5. The Nicene Creed had to be an affirmation that classified who was in the faith and who was not. The "we believe" signaled that those who confessed its contents were in full agreement of its summary of the Bible's teaching on the Trinity, the deity of Christ, the Personality of the Holy Spirit, the Church, baptism, and the return of Jesus to earth. 

6. One scholar I read years ago called this "Capital F Faith". The contents, the doctrines of what makes faith in Christ "The Faith" are correct doctrinal contents. We could summarize this as "believing that". 

7. Intellectual knowledge and agreement with the truths of the Bible are essential for saving faith. These first two elements are what we would call "necessary conditions", that is, they must be present. However, they by themselves are not "sufficient conditions", since for example, demons and even the Devil himself would confess them, claim to agree with them, and yet still not be born again (see James 2:19). 

Post #3 1700 Years of the Nicene Creed - The Authority of the Nicene Creed And Should The Southern Baptist Convention Add It To The Baptist Faith And Message 2000

Introduction:

    We so far have introduced broadly the nature of doctrinal statements, confessions, and creeds in post #1, with the laying out of the full text of the Nicene Creed here  Growing Christian Resources: Post #1 1700 Years of the Nicene Creed - What Are Creeds, Why They're Important, And Introducing the Nicene Creed. We also noted how the inspired creeds of the Bible compare to their non-inspired counterparts like the Nicene Creed here:Growing Christian Resources: Post #2 1700 Years of the Nicene Creed - Are Creeds Such As The Nicene Creed Biblical To Use And Biblical In Content?. 

    I want us to spend time today exploring whether or not such Creeds ought to have a place in 21st century church life, as well as understand what authority, if any, they have when compared to the Bible. 

The place of confessions, doctrinal statements, and creeds in the Southern Baptist Convention as an illustration for how to understand the role of the Nicene Creed in Christianity today. 

   Perhaps the easiest place to begin is in my own denomination, the Southern Baptist Convention, for two reasons. Number one, the SBC is celebrating a milestone of its own with regards to the 100th anniversary of the Baptist Faith and Message. Then secondly, a proposal at the 2024 SBC convention to add the Nicene Creed to the Baptist Faith and Message 2000. We will take each of these in their turn.

The 100th Anniversary of the Baptist Faith and Message and it illustrating why Creeds and Confessions are important.

    The "BFM", as it is called, emerged as the doctrinal consensus of the SBC back in 1925. Since then, Southern Baptists have ratified two additional versions of the "BFM", one in 1963 and the current doctrinal statement - the Baptist Faith and Message 2000. Even though a doctrinal statement is different from a creed in function and format, the principle I'm discussing now still applies, namely the relevance of doctrinal expressions and creeds outside the Bible. 

How The SBC Attempted To Not Have An Official Doctrinal Statement Or Creed.

    Anyone who studies the history of Baptist life will find that the SBC saw the need to articulate what it believed and why in the face of mounting cultural challenges and pressures. When the SBC was formed in 1845, there was no push to produce a commonly agreed upon doctrinal statement. Charles Jones wrote an article on February 24, 2025 for Baptist Press on the 100th anniversary of the Baptist Faith and Message here BF&M 100, part 1: Defining and defending the faith | Baptist Press.  In that article, Jones summarized the early days of the SBC towards creeds and confessions:

"There were various Baptist confessions of faith dating back generations, but when the SBC organized in 1845, it did not adopt a confession, saying: 'We have constructed for our basis no new creed; acting in this matter upon a Baptist aversion for all creeds but the Bible.'

    It wasn't for lack of other doctrinal statements and confessions for the SBC to choose.1 Certainly other Baptist groups had already employed the use of doctrinal confessions. 

    Why did the SBC choose to depart from what otherwise was a common practice of Baptists? Despite these examples, the SBC desired to practice a "non-creedal" form of church life, since it prioritized what it called "soul competency". Soul competency is the view that every Christian is free to believe what he or she wants according to the Bible, unencumbered by outside requirements to creeds or confessions.2 

The SBC saw the need to have in writing what it believed.

    By 1925, the then eighty-year old SBC found itself in the midst of the mounting culture wars and threats of theological liberalism, the battle between creation and evolution, and the need to express theologically where it stood on sound doctrine. 

    In 1963, the Baptist Faith and Message was updated, to try to keep up with changing cultural demands. It was as a result of the battles over the inerrancy of Scripture in the 1970's, 1980's, and 1990's that the SBC ratified their revision of the Baptist Faith and Message 2000 to reinforce its commitment to Biblical inerrancy. 

The recent effort to add the Nicene Creed to the Baptist Faith and Message 2000, a second illustration of understanding the role of the Nicene Creed in modern church life.

   The Creed of Nicaea was agreed upon in 325 A.D. to combat the heresy of Arius who denied the deity of Christ. As attention turned more to addressing attacks upon the deity and personality of the Holy Spirit, a more robust statement about Him was added to fine-tune what came to be known as the "Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed" (or more simply "The Nicene Creed) in 381 A.D. at the Council of Constantinople. It is this version of the Creed that is most familiar to many today.

    As we saw already, the SBC learned that it is next to impossible to conduct denominational life without a confession of faith. Many Baptists in the SBC today do not mind calling themselves "confessional Baptists". However, to address oneself as a "creedal Baptist" makes some nervous, while others are raising the cry to tighten the circles more tightly on areas of sound doctrine, as was done a century ago.

    In the last few years, a growing minority in the Southern Baptist Convention have pushed to make the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed (or "Nicene Creed", as we shall call it from here forward) added to the Baptist Faith and Message.3 

    At the 2024 SBC Convention in Indianapolis, IN, the Messengers or those in attendance representing their respective individual SBC churches, voted to send consideration of the proposal to the Executive Board of the SBC for review and formal re-introduction at the forthcoming SBC convention in Dallas in June of 2025.

Why some felt we ought not have the Nicene Creed in our churches.

    There were vocal critics of the proposal. Now let me say from the onset, when viewing the Creed from their perspective, one can understand the concern. Dr. David Allen, Dean of the Adrian Rogers Center For  Preaching at Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary, noted his reservations on the language of the creed. It was then that Allen made is statement here Southern Baptists that claim 'no creed but the Bible,' take no action to add the Nicene Creed to their statement of faith:

"Allen suggested that Southern Baptists need time to reflect and evaluate their doctrinal statement before making any changes such as adding the Nicene Creed."

    With that reservation about the Nicene Creed noted, would adoption of the Creed as an extra article in the Baptist Faith and Message 2000 undermine the autonomy of local churches? If our brief history lesson about the Baptist Faith and Message itself proved anything, clarifying what we believe about God, salvation, believer's baptism, the church, and the Lord's return can only help, not hinder the mission of each local church.

Reflecting on my own experience of reciting the Apostle's Creed in a church service, and how it illustrates the benefit of occasional use of the Nicene Creed as part of church life.

    Before my wife and I got married nearly thirty years ago, I had begun attending the church where she and her family were members. I came from a church background where drums were more central to church worship, guitars were played, and where innovation was encouraged. The church service I attended with my then to-be wife was a far cry from whence I'd come. The Pastor stood up, said an opening prayer, and then on that day the congregation recited the Apostle's Creed. 

    I was at first skeptical. I was taught to avoid church "formality", since such traditions could stifle the Holy Spirit's moving in a service. Then the next Sunday they did it again. The Pastor had decided to have the congregation to this for a period of time, since he was trying to introduce them to it. 

    As I came to memorize those words of that creed, I found my mind and heart more focused on the Lord. If for anything, realizing that the Christian faith wasn't only a "me and Jesus thing" but "The faith once and for all delivered to the saints" (1 Corinthians 11:23; 15:1-4) caused me to focus less on my "felt needs" and more upon paying heed to God's Word and Christ Himself.  

    Kevin DeYoung in a recent book "The Nicene Creed" here The Nicene Creed: What You Need to Know about the Most Important Creed Ever Written (Foundational Tools for Our Faith): DeYoung, Kevin: 9781433559754: Amazon.com: Books, notes helpfully about creeds and confessions:

"We can think of creeds as statements about the God in whom we believe, while confessions are statements-usually longer and more comprehensive-about what we believe."

    If a denomination or church has opportunity to possibly clarify even further where it stands theologically by appending a time-tested Biblically-sound creed to its Baptist Confession, my thoughts are it ought to be done. 

    Creeds and confessions are secondary in importance compared to the Bible. As a pastor and Christian that confesses "sola Scriptura", I still preach that the Bible alone holds the conscience captive, and it alone is used by the Holy Spirit to change the human heart, whether for conversion or Christian growth. With that said, confessions, and their older cousins, creeds, serve the church as summaries of the key doctrines of Scripture. Moreover, how many times in our evangelism practices have churches used tools like "The Romans Road" or "Evangelism Explosion"? 

    Although we cannot make anyone believe what the Nicene Creed teaches, nevertheless, anyone who is truly born again ought to have no problem confessing its contents once instructed about why it was written and the meaning of its words. 

Conclusion:

    As I close out today's post, my hope is the SBC will adopt the Nicene Creed as part of the Baptist Faith and Message at some point in its future. Furthermore, my desire would be to either preach, teach, or give some simple lessons on the Nicene Creed. I would find it refreshing, on occasion, to even see churches invite its members to recite either the Apostle's Creed or Nicene Creed. 

    Such practices require a careful introduction and wise pace of presenting the Creed as part of church life. I'd even say it is good practice to preach through the Creeds, just as I and other SBC pastors have over the years preached through the Baptist Faith and Message 2000. In these times, where the forces of darkness, secularism, and pluralism are aggressively trying to erode the confidence of Bible believing Christians, it is good to take a closer look at a dear old Creed that the Holy Spirit has used in His Providence to bring to mind those inspired truths of His sacred, inerrant, infallible Word - The Bible. In the next post, we will begin our journey through the Nicene Creed as we celebrate its 1700 years of existence. 

Endnotes:

1. There were certainly other doctrinal statements and confessions circulating around Baptist Churches in the 19th century. Some in the North used the 1742 Philadelphia Baptist Confession of Faith here philadelphia confession, based off of the 2nd London Baptist Confession of 1689 here The1689.org | The Second London Baptist Confession of Faith. 

    Most other Baptist Churches outside the SBC subscribed to the then new 1833 New Hampshire Confession of Faith, a document that would influence the wording of the eventual 1925 Baptist Faith and Message. The first SBC Seminary, The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, KY, had its own doctrinal statement: "Abstract of Principles" here Abstract of Principles - The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, which was required adherence for all its faculty. 

2 As commendable as that strategy sounded, it underestimated how much inside and outside forces can attempt to corrupt any Christian denomination or Church that gets confused on what it believes and practices. At the time, it was believed that soul competency preserved the historic Baptist stance on congregational government and the autonomy of the local church. 

3 Mark Winfield wrote an article for the "Baptist News Global" that summarized the effort at last year's general convention in Indianapolis, IN here Motion will ask SBC to add Nicene Creed to Baptist Faith and Message – Baptist News Global. Although the effort did not go through, it still highlights what we're discussing in this post about the place and role of creeds in Christianity. Winfield wrote: 

"On May 29, four Southern Baptists announced their intent to call for a change in Southern Baptist identity."  

Winfield continued:

"They proposed to add the Nicene Creed to the Baptist Faith and Message, the SBC’s doctrinal statement, “for the sake of doctrinal clarity and increased unity."

Winfield then enumerated reasons why the Nicene Creed proposal was set forth at last year's convention:

1). "The Nicene Creed authoritatively articulates the primary doctrines of the Christian faith from the Christian Scriptures.”

2). “For nearly two millennia Christians have universally used the Creed for both teaching and worship.”

3). “The Creed is a robust and indisputable summary of orthodox Christian belief in the two most central and indispensable dogmas of the universal Christian faith: God the Trinity and the Lord Jesus Christ.”

Post #2 1700 Years of the Nicene Creed - Are Creeds Such As The Nicene Creed Biblical To Use And Biblical In Content?

 

Introduction:

    In my last post I began a series of posts on the Nicene Creed here Growing Christian Resources: Post #1 1700 Years of the Nicene Creed - What Are Creeds, Why They're Important, And Introducing the Nicene Creed.. My reason for doing this is because on June 19, 2025, Christians will celebrate the Creed's 1700th anniversary. I briefly defined what creeds were, offered a little bit of Biblical justification for them, noted what the Nicene Creed itself was, and then ended with the full text of the version of the creed from 325 A.D.

    In this post we will spend time laying out further evidence from the Bible for the place of creeds in Biblical faith. In the next post I'll deal with how to understand their place and authority (if any) in the life of the Christian and the local church. These considerations are important to set forth, since the goal of these posts is to introduce the Nicene Creed and to offer exposition on each of its statements. 

    Many who have never heard of the Nicene creed or who have never experienced it (or its related creed "The Apostle's Creed) recited in the church are right to ask whether such a practice is right, especially in churches that affirm sola scriptura or the Bible's unique authority to establish faith, practice, and one's understanding of God. Sola Scripture (Scripture alone) does not exclude secondary documents such as Creeds, Confessions, Church Covenants, Bylaws, and others that can aid in summarizing or explaining theological and practical matters of church life. 

    The other matter of how to understand the place and authority of creeds is a big issue, especially among Baptist people. In my own denomination, The Southern Baptist Convention, a motion was proposed last June to make the Nicene Creed part of the Baptist Faith and Message 2000. It was tabled to the Executive Committee (the administrative arm of the convention) and is planned for reconsideration at this year's convention in Dallas, Texas. What will become of it remains to be seen.  

    I'll cover more about that issue in the next post. I recommend the reader to "The Center For Baptist Renewal Website", which represents pretty much my views on the importance of retrieving familiarity and use of Nicene Creed and other older confessions here Who We Are — Center For Baptist Renewal

Are creeds Biblical?

     Creeds or summary statements of the faith are embedded in the fabric of the Divinely revealed pages of God's Word. As such, creeds as found in the text of Scripture are themselves Divinely inspired and thus carry the authority of defining what Christians and church ought to be believe and teach. Creeds in the Bible, as well as their use, can provide a template for what to do with creeds and confessions outside the Bible (i.e. extra-biblical creeds such as the Nicene Creed are non-inspired, and of secondary authority in summarizing essentially what Christians everywhere believe and what anyone professing faith in Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord should believe). 

    To remind readers, a creed is a statement of belief - a "credo" (from the Latin credo meaning "I believe"). Creeds function as summaries of the essential truths of Biblical faith once for all delivered to the saints, whether Old Testament or New.  

Sample creeds or summary statements of faith in the Old Testament, and how well the Nicene Creed Aligns With Such Statements

    In the Old Testament, the central creed of Old Testament Israel was Deuteronomy 6:4-5, called "The Great Shema" because of the Hebrew word in its opening sentence (Shema or "hear"):

“Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord is one! 5 You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might.

    Here we see affirmation of monotheism or the oneness of God's being. He is One. We also see included two of the leading Divine names for this God. He is "God" or "Elohim", the same Elohim who created the Heavens and the earth, who said "let us make man in our image", and who alone is God (see Genesis 1:1-2; 1:26-27). 

    Plurality of identity and oneness of being is embedded in that Divine name of "Elohim", since the "im" suffix in Hebrew is plural, whilst the name is often the subject of singular verbs, which is why it is often translated "God". Then we see "LORD" or Yahweh, the covenant name of this God. His self-existence as "I am who I am" means He is the living God who keeps His covenant promises for His people, who has Divine authority to raise the dead, create something out of nothing, and exercise Sovereignty over all things. 

    Elsewhere in the Old Testament we see such "creedal statements" or "faith summaries" given by God to capture the essence of what it means to follow Him. In Exodus 34:6-7, the Lord tells Moses: 

"The Lord, the Lord God, compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in lovingkindness and truth."

    Such a summary statement highlights the moral character of Yahweh, and is found in similar form in Numbers 14:18; Deuteronomy 4:31; Nehemiah 9:17; Psalms 86:15; 103:8; 108:4; 145:8 and Joel 2:13. 

    One more example of an Old Testament summary statement of faith or "creed" is when God says "I am the Lord, and there is no other". Variations on this summary statement are found particular in Isaiah 41:4,8; 43:10-11; 44:5,6,21, as well as Hosea 13:4. Such summary statements find their way into the New Testament as Jesus and the Apostles summarized what it meant to trust and follow the Lord God of Israel.

    When we look at the opening of the Nicene Creed, it avows monotheism, the Personality of God as to the First Person of the Trinity - God the Father. All that was said above is summarized beautifully in the opening of this creed...

"We believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible."

Sample creeds or summary statements of faith in the New Testament

    Jesus for example cites "The Great Shema" or Deuteronomy 6:4-5 in His famous greatest commandment saying in Matthew 22:37-39 and Mark 12:30-31. It is in those places where Jesus urges his audience to "love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, mind and strength". He does double allusion, not only to Deuteronomy 6:4-5 but to Leviticus 19:8, where He draws the second most important summary command: "you shall love your neighbor as yourself". The Apostle Paul takes his cue from Jesus in repeating Leviticus 19:8 in Galatians 5:14. 

    When we enter the Book of Acts, we find the early Church spreading Northward and Westward from its epicenter in Jerusalem on the Day of Pentecost in Acts 2. Christ had already ascended. The Holy Spirit's coming at Pentecost was the premier sign of Christ's promise of He and the Father's sending of the Spirit (John 14:26-27; John 15:26-27). 

    Furthermore, the Apostle Peter testified that the arrival of the Holy Spirit gave evidence for the deity of Christ and His glorification in Heaven. 

    The Apostle Peter asserted a short, terse truth that functioned as a creed: "He is Lord of all" (Acts 10:37; also Acts 2:36). This short creed "Jesus is Lord" became so foundational that the Apostle Paul combined it with the central creed of Old Testament Judaism, The Great Shema, in 1 Corinthians 8:6 "yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom are all things and we exist for Him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, by whom are all things, and we exist through Him."

    As you look at the next part of the Nicene Creed, the equality and deity of the Son in conjunction with the Father is affirmed,

"And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, begotten from the Father before all ages, God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made; of the same essence as the Father. Through him all things were made."

    As Christianity spread, it soon found itself asserting the twin truths of Monotheism on the one hand and the Deity or Lordship of Christ on the other. We find creedal statements throughout Paul's letters that were likely hymns sung by the early Christians. 

    The Holy Spirit saw fit to include these hymns or creeds. 1 Corinthians 15:3-4 includes an ancient creed that affirms Christ's death, burial, resurrection, and post-resurrection appearances. Colossians 1:16-20 and Ephesians 5:22-26 affirm the deity of Christ and His Sovereign authority over creation and the Church. 

    In 1 Timothy 3:16, Paul cites a creed that states the full equality of Christ as God, as well as His incarnation and ascension into Heaven. As to Christ's incarnation and true manhood, the Apostle John warned that to deny such truths was a sign that such a person was not truly born-again (see 2 John 1:7-9). 

    Again, the Nicene Creed summarizes these truths of the incarnation of the Son, the deity of the Spirit, the role of the church, believer's baptism, and the second coming of Christ as laid out in the Scriptures above. 

"For us and for our salvation he came down from heaven; he became incarnate by the Holy Spirit and the virgin Mary, and was made human.

He was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate; he suffered and was buried. The third day he rose again, according to the Scriptures. He ascended to heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father.

He will come again with glory to judge the living and the dead. His kingdom will never end.

And we believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life. He proceeds from the Father and the Son, and with the Father and the Son is worshiped and glorified. He spoke through the prophets. 

We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic church. We affirm one baptism for the forgiveness of sins.

We look forward to the resurrection of the dead, and to life in the world to come. Amen."

Closing thoughts

    In all, well over one dozen passages, stating fundamental truths from the deity and work of the Holy Spirit (2 Corinthians 3:17); to the importance and meaning of Baptism (Romans 6:5-11); to the Lord's Table (1 Corinthians 11:23-31); to the Lord's second coming (Philippians 3:20-21; 1 Thessalonians 4:13-16; Revelation 19); to the doctrine of the Trinity (2 Corinthians 13:14; Ephesians 2:18) are found. 

    Creeds and their use in the Bible is evident. To say that the use of creeds, confessions, and doctrinal statements is Biblical is to affirm the full testimony of Scripture, of which the above is but a sampling. In the next post, we will conclude our introductory postings about the Nicene Creed by answering whether or not Creeds should have a place in the local church, as well as what authority, if any, ought they carry in local Baptist Churches, or any church for that matter.